Lyric-epic poem in four cantos and two intermezzos. The poet wanted her, as he himself says, above all to celebrate the beauty of May's nature. The awakening spring nature and the death of people, Vilém is in prison, he thinks about his act, he thinks about what will happen after death, he is afraid, he does not believe in the afterlife.

Poem became a symbol of youth and love. It's no wonder that couples in love visit the poet's statue on the blossoming Petřín every year in May.